Journal: ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Article Title: Interplay of Neuroinflammation and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Alzheimer’s Disease Using Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Biomarker in 3 × Tg-AD Mouse Models

doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00063

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comprehensive experimental design for assessing AD pathology in mice. The timeline illustrates the multistep workflow for analyzing behavioral, imaging, microbiota, cytokine, and neuroinflammatory changes in 6-MO and 12-MO WT and AD mice ( N = 5 per group). On day 1, cognitive performance was evaluated using the T-maze task to assess working memory. On day 2, MRI/DKI was conducted to analyze microstructural brain changes. On day 3, fecal samples were processed with NGS to evaluate gut microbiota composition and diversity. On day 4, ELISA was used to quantify systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IFN-γ. Meanwhile, the serum samples were quantified for SCFA levels to assess dysregulated gut metabolism. On day 5, IHC was performed to assess microglial (Iba1) and astrocytic (GFAP) activation in key brain regions such as the mPFC, HIPP, and STR. This comprehensive workflow integrates multiple methodologies to investigate age- and disease-specific changes in AD pathology.

Article Snippet: Cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNFα) were quantified using a multiplex ELISA kit (MEK1016; Boster, Pleasanton, CA, USA).

Techniques: Imaging, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activation Assay

Journal: BMC Veterinary Research

Article Title: Quick and improved immune responses to inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine by purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponins

doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02648-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of AJSAF on H9–Ag-specific IgG and its isotype antibody titers in the immunized mice. Mice were s.c. injected with 0.2 ml of IH9V (10 7 TCID 50 /0.1 ml) alone or containing Quil A or AJSAF, or 0.2 ml of CH9V (10 7 TCID 50 /0.1 ml) on days 1 and 15. Sera were collected 14 days after the boosting immunization, and serum H9–Ag-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers were measured by ELISA. The values are presented as means ± SD ( n = 6). Significant differences with IH9V alone group were designated as * P < 0.05, † P < 0.01, and ‡ P < 0.001; those with CH9V group as § P < 0.05, # P < 0.01, and ¶ P < 0.001

Article Snippet: Assoc., Birmingham, AL, USA; rabbit anti-chicken IgY horseradish peroxidase conjugate was from Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA; mouse cytokine detecting ELISA kits were from Wuhan Boster Bio-Tech.

Techniques: Injection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: BMC Veterinary Research

Article Title: Quick and improved immune responses to inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine by purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponins

doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02648-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of AJSAF on haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and H9–Ag-specific IgY antibody levels in the immunized chicken. The chickens were prime- and boost-immunized with 0.4 ml of IH9V (10 7 TCID 50 /0.1 ml) alone or containing AJSAF, or 0.4 ml of CH9V (10 7 TCID 50 /0.1 ml) at 3-week interval. Sera were collected on designated days post-immunization, and the serum HI antibody titers ( a ) and H9–Ag-specific IgY antibody ( b ) levels were measured by HI assay and ELISA, respectively. The values are presented as means ± SD ( n = 30). Significant differences with IH9V alone group were designated as * P < 0.05, † P < 0.01, and ‡ P < 0.001

Article Snippet: Assoc., Birmingham, AL, USA; rabbit anti-chicken IgY horseradish peroxidase conjugate was from Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA; mouse cytokine detecting ELISA kits were from Wuhan Boster Bio-Tech.

Techniques: Inhibition, HI Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: BMC Veterinary Research

Article Title: Quick and improved immune responses to inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine by purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponins

doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02648-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of AJSAF on cytokine secretion from splenocytes in the immunized mice. Splenocytes were incubated with Con A (48 h) or H9–Ag (72 h), and the supernatants were collected for detecting IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10 levels using ELISA kits. The values are presented as means ± SD ( n = 6). Significant differences with IH9V alone group were designated as * P < 0.05, † P < 0.01, and ‡ P < 0.001; those with CH9V group as # P < 0.01 and ¶ P < 0.001

Article Snippet: Assoc., Birmingham, AL, USA; rabbit anti-chicken IgY horseradish peroxidase conjugate was from Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA; mouse cytokine detecting ELISA kits were from Wuhan Boster Bio-Tech.

Techniques: Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay